Modified stokes parameters: Representation and simulations with FDTD

In passive remote sensing, the modified Stokes parameters (watt/m²) are defined in terms of electric fields (V/m) at a specific frequency, which is related to the brightness temperatures. However, brightness temperatures are defined by multiplying the specific intensity watt/m²/Hz/sr) by λ²/κ. In this work, the inconsistency of units in brightness temperatures are resolved by comparing a time-harmonic plane-wave concept to that with a high-directivity and narrow-bandwidth antenna. Simulations on brightness temperatures are also presented.