Frequency multi-beam scanning in one diemnsion and two dimensions governed by holographic metasurfaces

We propose to generate the electromagnetic (EM) radiations by holographic metasurfaces, which can produce multi-beam scanning in one dimension (1D) and two dimensions (2D) controlled only by frequency. Respectively, we show that the main lobes of EM radiation beams accomplish 1D or 2D scans regularly with frequency by using the proposed holographic metasurfaces shaped with different interference patterns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to realize 2D scans of antennas by changing the frequency.