TIME: Supporting topology independent mobility with energy efficient routing in WSNs

Wireless sensor networks consist of small battery powered devices with limited energy resources. The small sensor nodes are usually inaccessible to the users due to their remote deployment. Non functioning of any sensor due to its loss of battery power not only deteriorates the network performance but also a challenging job for replacement of energy source. Hence, energy efficiency is a key design issue that needs to be enhanced in order to improve the life span of the network. The efficiency of sensor networks strongly depends on the routing protocol used. Various clustering algorithms have been proposed in the literature to increase the lifetime of network. In all algorithms data processing is done at the cluster head (CH) which consumes large amount of energy because energy consumption depends upon the distance between the node and the base station (BS). In this paper, Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) has been extended by considering the chaining system in different clusters. Our proposed model- Topology Independent Mobility with Energy Efficient Routing algorithm (TIME), reduces the distance between two consecutive nodes and node to base station by using multiple clusters. The Chain Monitor (CM) aggregates all the data of its own cluster and sends to the base station. The performance of TIME algorithm has been investigated by several simulations by considering uniform sensing range of the sensors. From the simulation results it has been observed that even with large sensing range of the sensors the performance of our model TIME is superior than LEACH. The important aspect about this model is achieving uniform energy efficiency of all the sensors in the network irrespective of topological variations, through multiple clustering technique.