Expedited design optimization of compact microwave structures using adjoint sensitivities and space mapping

Expedited design optimization of compact microwave structures using adjoint sensitivities and space mapping (SM) is proposed. For the sake of computational efficiency and good generalization capability, we utilize coarse-discretization electromagnetic (EM) simulation models which are suitably corrected using SM. The mapping parameters are evolving together with the design itself (no fully converged SM parameter extraction is executed), which results in a small number of both low- and high-fidelity EM simulations throughout the optimization process. The algorithm is applied to the design of a compact rat-race coupler.