Multi-layered, 3D skin phantoms of human skin in the wavelength range 650–850nm

Skin and bone phantoms become more and more a relevant for many applications. In this paper we present novel three dimensional, multi-layered skin and bone phantoms. The phantoms consist of four layers, representing human skin layers epidermis, dermis, subcutis/muscle and bone. Phantoms for different ethnicities and age groups as well as phantoms representing different regions of the human body have been developed. Additionally, a three dimensional phantom head with real human hair for head hair and eyebrows was constructed. Different material have been examined and estimated in this work. The phantoms matching the same optical properties (reflection, absorption, transmission) as human skin consist of silicone, epoxy resin, coffee and titanium dioxide.