Parallel genetic-algorithm optimization of a dual-band patch antenna for wireless communications

In this paper, we make use of genetic algorithm (GA) optimization to arrive at an optimal (perhaps counterintuitive) design for a dual-band patch antenna intended for wireless communication applications (operating at 1.9 and 2.4 GHz). To this end, we combine the accuracy of MoM full-wave solutions with the speed of parallel processing, and the robustness of the evolutionary optimization approach in an electromagnetic GA optimization application (EGO). The design (a descendant of the E-patch antenna), aims at achieving the goal of having an acceptable input VSWR while maintaining a low cross-polarized far field. To this end, an appropriate hybrid fitness function is employed in the GA. Field and S₁₁ measurements of various GA-optimized patch configurations exhibit good agreement with the MoM calculations.