Multiple frame block quantisation of line spectral frequencies using Gaussian mixture models

In this paper, we present a Gaussian mixture model-based block quantiser for coding line spectral frequencies that uses multiple frames and mean squared error as the quantiser selection criterion. The efficiency gained from jointly coding multiple frames permits the use of the mean squared error distortion (MSE) criterion rather than the computationally expensive spectral distortion. The proposed coder encompasses improvements in both distortion performance and complexity with transparency achieved at 23 bits per frame when coding two frames jointly or 21 bits per frame when coding 3 frames.