Comprehensive Physiological Cardiovascular Model Enables Automatic Correction of Hemodynamics in Patients with Acute Life-Threatening Heart Failure

Saving life of patients with acute life-threatening heart failure is a major challenge. One has to correct several fatal hemodynamic abnormalities at the same time within a limited time frame. The formulation of such complicated treatments enables the development of a system that can be used to save automatically lives of patients with acute heart failure, an autopilot system. To accomplish this, we established a comprehensive physiological cardiovascular model, on which we based the design of the autopilot system. By translating hemodynamics into cardiovascular parameters (pumping ability, vascular resistance, blood volume), and by controlling each of these with individual drugs, we were able to correct blood pressure, cardiac output, and left atrial pressure to the target values rapidly (5.2plusmn6.6,6.8plusmn4.6, and 11.7plusmn9.8 minutes), stably, and simultaneously