Modelling of AGW/TIDs and Raytracing through the Ionosphere

Refraction of HF waves in the ionosphere enables worldwide communication with low energies. But HF waves are deviated from great circle path propagation by gradients of the electron density of the ionosphere. To enhance the accuracy of HF direction finding the error due to lateral gradients of the electron density of the ionosphere has to be specified. Thus the ionosphere disturbed by atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) has been modelled and a raytracing of the HF waves have been conducted.