A watermarking scheme for 3D models using Haar discrete wavelet transform

In recent years, due to the fast development of the digital media information processing technology, 3D models (3DM) are more and more utilized in medical, industrial and entertainment fields. On the other hand, 3DMs are also easy to be transmitted and duplicated unauthorized which is a serious problem. Watermarking has been proved to be an efficient technology in the intellectual property and copyright protection for digital media. The presented 3DM watermarking algorithm uses the clustering scheme to decompose the host 3DM, uses star topology units (STU) to reconstruct the host 3DM to find candidate vertices for watermarking, and uses discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to transform candidate vertices into frequency domain to process the watermark embedding. The experiment results show that the presented algorithm can efficiently embed watermarks into a 3DM, and the embedded watermark is robust against to rotation, translation, and uniformly scaling attacks.