Modeling CNS for the virtual air space technologies toolbox

NASA instituted the virtual airspace modeling and simulation (VAMS) project in response to the projected air traffic growth and lack of sufficient future capacity in the nation\´s air traffic transportation system. This paper reports on developing the communications, navigation and surveillance (CNS) simulation tools that supports modeling an aircraft\´s flight. The CNS tools, which are integrated into the VAMS concept models, enhance fidelity by describing the effects of imperfect"" CNS.""