Electrical energy storage elements in fuel-cell-based decentralized energy generation

A main property of a fuel cell is its comparatively long start-up time, its slow response to load changes and shut-down. If a fuel-cell is used as generator in decentralized energy generation to operate a grid in island or emergency power mode, the required load power - this includes active and reactive power - has to be delivered at all times. In order to meet this demand under island and emergency power modes electrical energy buffers have to be integrated into the decentralized energy generator. These buffers can now also be used for smoothing the power flow and providing active power when connected to the grid.