Private and blind digital fingerprinting schemes based upon complete complementary codes

Complete complementary code is a family of the spread spectrum sequences with good correlation properties. In this study, the properties of the private and the blind digital fingerprinting schemes using complete complementary codes were evaluated. It is revealed that the proposed scheme is sufficiently robust against collusion attacks by employing a large embedding coefficient in the private case. In addition, in the blind case where the source image cannot be referred to, it was shown that the robustness against collusion attacks could be improved by applying a method called QIM (quantization index modulation) and employing a set of appropriate parameters.