Scalable Application-Dependent Diagnosisof Interconnects of SRAM-Based FPGAs

This paper presents a new method for diagnosing (detection and location) multiple faults in an application-dependent interconnect of a SRAM-based FPGA. For fault detection, the proposed technique retains the original interconnect configuration and modifies the function of the LUTs using the new LUT programming function 1-Bit Sum Function (1-BSF); in addition, it utilizes features such as branches in the nets as well as the primary (unused) IOs of the FPGAs. The proposed method detects all possible stuck-at and bridging faults of all cardinalities in a single configuration; fault detection requires 1 + log₂k test configurations for multiple stuck-at location and 2 + 2log₂k additional test configurations to locate more than one pair-wise bridging faults (where k denotes the maximum combinational depth of the FPGA circuit). Following detection, the locations of multiple faults are hierarchically identified using the walking-1 test set and an adaptive approach for the interconnect structure. Net ordering independence is accomplished by utilizing features such as the presence of paths of nets that are either disjoint or joint between the primary input and at least one primary output. As validated by simulation on benchmark circuits, the proposed method scales extremely well for different Virtex FPGA families; this results in a significant reduction in the number of configurations for diagnosing multiple faults.