Trip-based energy management for electric vehicles: An optimal control approach

An optimization strategy for electric vehicles is proposed which uses deterministic routing information obtained from navigation systems that are already on the market and stochastic descriptions of process uncertainties (e.g. stop events) to model unpredictable disturbances. A dynamic programming algorithm calculates the optimal control trajectories required to reach the target destination and suggests the driver an optimal driving style to maximize the battery range. The algorithm is implemented on a rapid prototyping platform. Simulations and experimental results obtained from an EV prototype car are presented in this paper.