Smart grid ADR aggregation delay model on large-scale distributed building HVAC facilities

In the future, Automated Demand Response (ADR) Aggregators will be expected to gather power curtailments as quickly as possible. In this research, the total delay for the ADR aggregation of large-scale building HVAC facilities was evaluated by test-bench experiments. A power curtailment delay model of 100 buildings was constructed by using time-series data measured from actual office building HVAC facilities. Our test-bench experiments have shown that it took 5.8 minutes on the average to gather power curtailments of 5 MW from the delay model emulator of 100 buildings assuming conventional Watt-hour power metering and the Internet firewall policy. Approximately 70% of the delay has come from stochastic timing differences between the Aggregator´s command setting and all the curtailment result reports that had to be invoked periodically from each building´s BEMS gateway.