Effects of dual apodization with cross- correlation on tissue harmonic and pulse inversion harmonic imaging in the presence of phase aberration

Dual apodization with cross-correlation (DAX) is a relatively new beamforming technique which can suppress side lobes and clutter to enhance ultrasound image contrast. However, previous studies have shown that with increasing aberrator strength, contrast enhancements with DAX diminish and DAX becomes more prone to image artifacts. In this paper, we propose integrating DAX with tissue harmonic imaging (THI) or pulse inversion harmonic imaging (PIHI) to overcome their shortcomings and achieve higher image contrast. Compared with conventional imaging, our experimental results showed that DAX with THI allows for synergistic enhancements of image contrast with improvements of more than 231% for a 5-mm pork aberrator and 703% for a 12-mm pork aberrator. With PIHI, improvements of 238% and 890% were observed for the two pork tissue samples. Our results suggest that the complementary contrast enhancement mechanism employed by the proposed method may be useful in improving imaging of technically difficult patients in clinics.