Cyber-physical alternate route recommendation system for paramedics in an urban area

Intelligent transportation systems aim at the betterment of the transportation in cooperation with the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Besides, cyber-physical solutions have enabled interaction between the physical and computational components of systems. This paper studies the route selection of paramedics by the assistance of a cyber-physical system which consists of vehicular communications, alternate route optimization and user interaction components. To this end, an optimal alternate routing-tree recommendation framework is proposed by adopting the minimum Steiner tree approach. Initially the mathematical model is presented and is solved as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation. Then, in order to assure fast and efficient solution, simulated annealing-based alternate routing-tree recommendation is proposed for paramedics. Through simulations, the proposed approach is shown to be capable of guaranteeing alternate route selection for paramedics with low-delay, low-cost and high resilience.