Distributed and coordinated demand response for frequency-controlled reserve supply

The availability of fast-reacting frequency-controlled reserves is essential for any Utility to ensure the power system reliability. This paper presents so a concept of coordinated up and down modulation of distributed loads, willing to supply frequency-controlled reserves. These reserves are provided through a structure of Virtual Power Plant (VPP), managed by a multi-agents system. These reserves comply with both Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) requirements. The deployment of such VPP targets a better system reliability, in term of both real-time security and interruptibility. The network stability study performed to stresstest the benefit of this new kind of demand-based reserve is then presented. This study highlights especially the benefit of the solution in challenging contexts like poorly interconnected power systems, like especially semi-islanded microgrid.