Control Method for Wireless Inductive Energy Transfer Systems With Relatively Large Air Gap

Recent improvements in semiconductor technology make efficient switching possible at higher frequencies, which benefits the application of wireless inductive energy transfer. However, a higher frequency does not alter the magnetic coupling between energy transmitter and receiver. Due to the still weak magnetic coupling between transmitting and receiving sides that are separated by a substantial air gap, energy circulates in the primary transmitting side without being transferred to the secondary receiving side. This paper introduces an energy control method that reduces energy circulation in the primary to zero. The method makes use of the fact that energy can be stored in a magnetic field by the primary side and absorbed by the secondary side. Furthermore, the secondary side converter topology is modified in order to boost the damping as seen by the primary converter at required times. Essentially, the control method realizes an energetic coupling factor of one between the air coils of the wireless transformer. The working principle of the control method has been verified with an experimental setup.