On Thevenin´s and Norton´s Equivalent Circuits

This paper provides a good look at the concept of equivalence in general and at Thevenin´s and Norton´s theorems in particular. The ain is to investigate simple, general, and comprehensive ways to present and prove these theorems. It is shown that linearity and the absence of external coupling should not be conditions for Thevenin´s and Norton´s theorems. It is also shown that the traditional open-circuit, short-circuit, and dead network conditions can be replaced by any two distinct conditions at the terinmals. Two-ports and multiterminal networks are also included in the presentation.