Signals in mobile communications: A review

The signals in mobile communications are reviewed both in terms of the physical scenario and as the basis of the transfer function of the mobile channel. The transfer function is arranged to demonstrate the inherent limitations (the irreducible bit error rate effect) resulting from using single port antennas, in both narrow- and wide-band systems. A new model for the average source scenario at the urban-based (vehicular) mobile is determined and an analogous model for the base station is formulated. The models are useful for deriving diversity antennas.