تفسير كاربردي گونه هاي مختلف معشوق در اشعار سيمين بهبهاني با تكيه بر نظريات اريك فروم

An Applied Interpretation of Various Types of the Beloved One in Simin Behbahani’s Poetry Based on Erich Fromm’s Ideas (A Socio-Psychological Approach)

ﺳﯿﻤﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎر ﺷﻌﺮ ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻨﺮ ﺑﺰرگ وي در ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮدرﺗﻮي ﻋﺎﺷﻖ و ﻣﻌﺸﻮق اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﯿﭻ ﯾﮏ در ﺗﺰاﺣﻢ ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮي ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﻓﺮوم ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﺸﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪا، ﻋﺸﻖ ﻣﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ، ﻋﺸﻖ ﺑﺮادراﻧﻪ، ﻋﺸﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ، و ﯾﺎ ﺣﺘﯽ ﻋﺸﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ، ﻓﺮق اﺳﺎﺳﯽ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد؛ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ اﯾﻦ ﻋﺸﻖ ﻫﺎ، ﻫﻤﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴﺘﺎر ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ - ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻌﺸﻮق ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ارﯾﮏ ﻓﺮوم ﺑﺎ ذﮐﺮ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ در اﺷﻌﺎر ﺳﯿﻤﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎﺑﯽ از رﻫﯿﺎﻓﺖ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ – روان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪه ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ارﯾﮏ ﻓﺮوم و ﺳﯿﻤﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎﻧﯽ درﺑﺎره ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻌﺸﻮق وﺟﻪ اﺷﺘﺮاك ﺑﺴﯿﺎري وﺟﻮد دارد.

Simin Behbahani is the architect for Iranian contemporary lyrics, and her skillful artistry is creating labyrinth-like worlds for the lover and the beloved where none of which is opposite the other. According to Erich Fromm there would be no difference between diversity forms of love; i.e. the essence of all loves is the same except for the subject of them, including a male-female love, a mother-child love, a man-God love, a brother-sister love or even a man-himself love. The present research is an attempt to interpret – through an analytical approach – different types of the beloved according to Fromm’s ideas and to find their examples in Behbahan’s poems. The findings of the research reveal a vast range of similarity between Behbahani and Fromm’s ideas about different beloveds – who are beautifully present in Behbahani’s poems