بررسي اجتماع‌پذيري و كيفيت قرارگاه‌هاي رفتاري در پارك‌هاي درون دانشگاهي، مورد مطالعاتي: پارك دانشگاه علم‌وصنعت ايران

Investigating the Social Acceptance and Quality of Behavioral Settings in University Parks, Case Study: Iran University of Science and Technology Park

مطابق داده‌هاي جديد روان‌شناسي محيط، يكي از مهم‌ترين ارزش‌هاي محيطي، ميزان اجتماع‌پذيري و كيفيت قرارگاه‌هاي رفتاري است و با سنجش آن‌ها مي‌توان، موفقيت طرح‌هاي محيطي و معماري را بررسي كرد. هدف از اين پژوهش سنجش شاخصه‌هاي مطلوب براي شكل‌گيري قرارگاه‌هاي رفتاري و به تبع آن اجتماع‌پذيري فضا در پارك‌هاي دانشگاهي است. اين تحقيق به بررسي اين مقوله در پارك دانشگاه علم‌وصنعت ايران در تهران به‌عنوان قديمي‌ترين پارك درون دانشگاهي ايران، مي‌پردازد. به اين منظور در در ابتدا بر مبناي ادبيات روانشناسي محيط، مقوله اجتماع‌پذيري و قرارگاه رفتاري تدقيق شده و مؤلفه‌هاي اصلي و مؤثر بر شكل‌گيري اين دو عامل مورد بررسي قرار گرفتند. شاخصه‌هاي تأثير‌گذار در افزايش اجتماع‌پذيري محيط شامل حضور طبيعت و درختان؛ وجود نشانه‌ها مانند تابلوهاي اطلاع‌رساني و اعلاميه‌ها و غيره، وجود خدمات جانبي و وجود آب در فضاي كالبدي؛ اندازه فضا و محدود نبودن آن مانند گستردگي ديد؛ چگالي پايين فضا مانند خلوتي جان فضا و ايجاد فضاي خلوت براي ديد، دور بودن قلمروها از نوار حركتي مي‌باشند. بعد از برآورد جامعه آماري و حجم نمونه، اين مؤلفه‌ها از طريق مصاحبه ساختار‌يافته و پرسش‌نامه به شكل تصادفي از 68 نفر از كاربران پارك دانشگاه مورد پرسش واقع شد. براي تجزيه و تحليل داده‌ها علاوه بر روش‌هاي آمار توصيفي،‌ از روش آمار استنباطي شامل تحليل همبستگي در نمونه موردي استفاده شد. نتايج بازخورد كاربران، وجود شاخصه‌هاي اجتماع‌پذيري مؤثري، همچون وجود آب، مبلمان نيمه‌ثابت و غيره را تأييد كرد. در عين حال موانعي همچون چگالي بيش از حد فضا و انبوه بودن درختان، توسعه دانشگاه به دور از پارك مركزي و عدم وجود كاربري‌هاي عمومي در اطراف پارك، اجتماع‌پذيري آن را محدود نموده‌اند.

Based on the latest studies on the environmental psychology, ‘social acceptance’ and ‘behavior setting qualities’ are considered as the most important parts of environmental value. The quality of design regarding the environmental value can be evaluated by quantitative and analytical methods. The objective of the current study is to assess desirable measures regarding the ‘Social values’ in the open spaces in university. The statistical population of this study is the Operators of the University of Science and Technology Park on a business day and includes student groups and administrative staff and university lecturers. The statistical population of this research is a small society, therefore, its volume is estimated using the limited population sampling formula. Indicators that affect the increasing social sensitivity of the environment are: the presence of nature and trees in the environment, the presence of signs in space, including: information boards and leaflets, the presence of peripheral services in the natural environment, the presence of water in the physical space, The size of space and its limitlessness: the visibility, the low density of space: the quietness of space and the creation of a quiet environment for viewing, the remoteness of the realms from the movement axes. In order to do the research, firstly, based on the psychology of environment literature, the category of sociality and behavioral camp were determined and the main and effective components on the formation of these two factors were studied. After estimating the statistical society and sample size, these components were questioned through a structured interview and a random questionnaire from 68 university park users. The method of data collection in this research is a structured interview. Questions were asked in the form of four questionnaires and descriptions of the users. For analyzing the data, in addition to the descriptive statistics, inferential statistics including correlation analysis of case study was used. Validation of the questions in this research (validity and reliability) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient a = 0.954 indicates the validity of the test and its questions. In order to investigate the societal and behavioral structure of the University of Science and Technology, firstly, the effective indicators, by examining previous research were achieved. These indicators were measured in the form of structured interviews in the architectural space. It was controlled in measuring some factors that caused changes in results and data. In examining these variables, the relationships between the indexes were determined after the analysis with Excel software. In this way, the rate of performance and performance of the desired components of socialization was determined from the students’ point of view. Data was analyzed by descriptive and interpretive method, and because of the generalized generalizability, the characteristics derived from previous studies regarding the behavioral and social space of students were questioned. These indicators are known as first-factor factors. According to the data, some of these indicators in the University of Science and Technology Park are not desirable, and some others do not have enough returns in this space. From the viewpoint of the students, the environment and the quality of green space and the presence of water in the environment are quite desirable, while some other characteristics, such as the remoteness of the realms of to the traffic places, or the size of space and semi-fixed furniture is relatively well-considered. However, some features such as space density, the presence of services near the park, especially the treadmill, as well as the presence of scientific signs and signs have not been effective. This research focuses on the Iran University of Science and Technology main park as the oldest one in Iran. Having used a quantitative method, the current research evaluated the above mentioned measures by distributing a designed questionnaire among students. The result confirmed the occurrence of the social measures such as: portable seat, existence of water. On the other hand, limitation of social interaction in the park stems from obstacles likewise the high density trees, accessibility issues to the park and lack of public services. By identifying these indicators, urban designers can provide the right environment for creating green spaces and parks, and create flexible environments in universities that allow the formation of behavioral settings tailored to the diverse mindsets of student groups and administrative staff and university lecturers. Since everything that happens in universities will occur on a larger scale and in the future in cities, the socialization of spaces in universities and the ability of architects and environmental planners offers the best social model. It will help making a more social city. Therefore, the design of general academic environments is a mode of modeling for community in the city.