كاربست مدل‌هاي ارزش نسبي در انتخاب و اولويت‌بندي پروژه‌هاي شهري با رويكرد مديريت سبد پروژه؛ بررسي موردي: معاونت شهرسازي و معماري شهرداري تهران

Application of Relative Value Models in the Urban Projects’ Selection and Prioritization through Portfolio Management Approach Case Study: Tehran Municipality's Department of Planning and Architecture

مديريت سبد پروژه رويكردي نو و برگرفته از دانش مديريت پروژه است كه براي بهره‌وري هرچه بهتر و مؤثرتر مجموعه پروژه‌ها و طرح‌ها در سازمان‌هاي پروژه‌محور مورد تأكيد است. از اجزاي اصلي تشكيل‌دهنده مديريت سبد پروژه مي‌توان به چارچوب يا مدل فرآيندي، معيارهاي تصميم‌گيري و ابزارها و تكنيك‌هاي انتخاب سبد پروژه اشاره كرد. تصميم‌گيري مناسب در مورد انتخاب اين اجزا متناسب با ويژگي‌هاي هر سازمان از اقدامات اصلي و تأثيرگذار در مديريت سبد پروژه به شمار مي‌رود. اين مقاله با ارائه چارچوب مديريت سبد پروژه، به دنبال شناسايي ابعاد و معيارهاي مؤثر در انتخاب سبد پروژه‌هاي معاونت شهرسازي و معماري شهرداري تهران و ارائه روش تركيبي براي انتخاب آن است. اين پژوهش از نظر هدف، يك پژوهش كاربردي است و از حيث گردآوري داده‌ها، يك تحقيق توصيفي- پيمايشي محسوب مي‌شود. فرآيند مديريت سبد پروژه از چهار گام انتخاب سبد، تصويب، اجرا و نظارت تشكيل مي‌شود كه براي انتخاب سبد پروژه‌هاي معاونت شهرسازي و معماري پيشنهاد مي‌شود با لحاظ كردن معيارهاي فني، مالي، اجتماعي، زيست‌محيطي، اقتصادي، رقابتي و ريسك، از تركيب روش‌هاي دلفي براي شناسايي اين معيارها، از فرآيند تحليل شبكه‌اي براي امتيازدهي آنها و از تكنيك تاپسيس براي رتبه‌بندي پروژه‌ها و انتخاب سبدي بهينه از آنها استفاده شود.

Nowadays, most of the major municipalities are faced with many new projects up and running, sometimes their essential resources to start or finish them is several times more than the annual calculated budget. Most of the project-driven organizations use project portfolio management approach to deal with these types of problems and better productivity of their projects. The main constituent components include a process framework, decision criteria, methods and models of choosing the portfolio. The main objectives of this study is Identifying the most important aspects and criteria of projects selection and prioritization in the Department of Urban Development and Architecture, optimal portfolio selection and offering a mix of relative value models for the study's project portfolio selection. This study is an applied research in terms of objective and a descriptive - review one in terms of data collection. The instruments of data collection are reviews of documentation, interviews and questionnaires. According to the paper findings, the project portfolio management consists of a four-step process, portfolio selection, approval, implementation, monitoring and control. The project portfolio is defined and chosen as the first step through a five-step process, classification of projects, comprehensive evaluation of project, project selection, prioritization of projects and balancing the portfolios (in the case of more than one portfolio). The second step is making decisions of the approval and allocation of resources. Implementing the approved portfolio usually done at the third step and finally, the fourth step is consisted of a continuous and regular reporting and monitoring of all the undertaken works during the process of the running project portfolio. Classification methods and models of portfolio can be pointed out as other findings of this research. The project portfolio selection procedures can be classified into four groups, relative value models, economic value models, optimization models and artificial intelligence models. Unlike the economic value models, the relative value models assesse the projects based on a comparison against fixed scale or other projects and take advantages of qualitative and quantitative criteria for the projects selection simultaneously. The proposed model for Urban Development and Architecture Department of Tehran Municipality's project portfolio were offered as a combination of Delphi, Analytic Network Process and TOPSIS techniques. In the first phase of the proposed model, Delphi method was used to determine the dimensions and criteria of the projects selection and prioritization. In order to select and prioritize case study projects, decision criteria were separately recognized and classified through technical, financial, social, environmental and economic cases for the selection of new projects, and technical, financial, social, environmental, risks and economic cases for the prioritizing new running projects with low percent of physical progress. In the second stage, weights of the dimensions and criteria were determined through network analysis process, so that, social, environmental and financial criteria obtained more points than the other groups by reviewing its results in both the selection and prioritization. In the third stage, final grading of the projects was done by TOPSIS technique, and the projects portfolio orders and points were determined. The results of the first step can be used in the resource allocation in the second step process of portfolio management.