بررسي تأثير سيگار بر عملكرد شناختي كارگران در يك صنعت خودرو سازي

The Effect of Smoking on Cognitive Performance of Workers in the Automotive Industry

زمينه و هدف: پژوهش‌ها تأثير سيگار بر عملكردهاي ذهني و شناختي افراد را نشان مي‌دهد كه نيازمند توجه و تمركز است. هدف اين پژوهش بررسي تأثير سيگار بر عملكرد شناختي كارگران صنعت خودروسازي است. روش كار: در اين پژوهش مورد ـ شاهدي كه در سال 1397 در كارخانه خودروسازي انجام شد، 280 نفر از كارگران به صورت تصادفي ساده در دو گروه مورد (100 نفر سيگاري) و شاهد (180 نفر غير‌سيگاري) وارد پژوهش شدند. همه افراد از محيط‌هايي با صداي تراز 82 تا 88 دسي‌بل انتخاب شدند. عملكرد شناختي كارگران نيز از طريق آزمون‌هاي عملكرد پيوسته، استروپ و آزمون برج لندن سنجش شد. يافته‌ها: ميانگين سني گروه مورد (3/7) 36/02 سال و گروه شاهد (3/65) 36/25 سال بود. نتايج نشان مي‌دهد كه آزمون برج لندن در افراد گروه سيگاري امتياز پايين‌تري از افراد غير‌سيگاري دارد (0/01>o‎r =0/903 ،P) و ساير مؤلفه‌هاي آزمون برج لندن ارتباط معني‌داري با وضعيت سيگاري بودن افراد ندارد (0/05P) و ساير مؤلفه‌ها ارتباطي با وضعيت سيگاري بودن افراد ندارد (0/05

Background and Objectives: Studies have shown the effect of smoking on mental and cognitive performance of the individuals who need to concentrate on their work. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking on cognitive performance of the automotive industry workers. Methods: In this case-control study conducted in 2018, 280 automotive industry workers were selected through the simple random sampling and then assigned to two groups of smokers (100 cases) and non-smokers (180 controls). All the subjects were selected from the environments with the sound levels of 82 to 88 dB. The workers’ cognitive performance was also tested using the CPT, Stroop and Tower of London tests. Results: The mean age of the case group was 36/02 (3/7) and that of the control group was 36/25 (3/65) years. The results showed that the scores of the TOL test in the case group (smokers) were lower than those of the non-smokers (OR=0/903, P<0.01), and other items of the TOL test had no significant relationship with the individuals’ smoking status (P>0/05). The Stroop and continuous performance tests also had a significant relationship with the individuals’ smoking status in terms of the number of correct responses and the response time as well as interference (P<0.01). Other items had no relationship with the individuals’ smoking status (P>0/05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of cigarettes and nicotine substances significantly decreased the workers’ mental and intellectual performance, and smokers were more likely to suffer from concentration interference, low brain processing speed in decision-making, and low precision at work, compared to non-smokers.