تعيين متغيرهاي زمينه هاي در طبقه بندي اقليمي ايران معرفي و كاربرد روش تحليل عاملي و تجزيه مولفه هاي اصلي در تحليل مطالعات جغرافيايي و اقليم شناسي

Determination of Basic Variables in Climatic Classification of Iran: Introduction and Application of Factor Analysis Method and Principal Component Analysis for Use in Geographical and Climatological Studies

We identify the most important underlying variables of climatic classification of Iran using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Eight monthly weather parameters in 41 synoptic weather stations from 1993 to1995 were applied. Three important components were determined. The Relative Humidity (RH) was determined over 40% of total variance (Pct of var=40.90%). Minimum and Maximum temperature were also determined 23.37% of variance. Other variables including monthly total precipitation and rainfall greater than 10 mm were loaded in the rest components. The result of this research shows that all of climatic variables, applied in climatic classification, have equal proportion in clustering stations. Some important applications of PCA and Factor Analysis in geographical and climatological research are presented and also we have tried to show the way of calculation of these techniques in a very simple method.