تطبيق منظر معنايي رنگ‌‌ها در قرآن كريم و ادبيات كنايي فارسي

A Comparison of the Semantic Perspective of Colors in the Holy Quran and allusion literature

اگرچه رنگ‌ها در جنبه فيزيكي خود، تنها بازتاب طول‌موج خاصي هستند، اما در فرهنگ بشري، محملي براي بيان احساسات، توصيفات، تخيلات، رمزها و نمادها و ديگر شئونات انساني شدند. اهميت اين موضوع چنان است كه رنگ‌ها، هم در زبان مخلوق و هم در زبان خالق، با اشكال و مفاهيم مختلف مورداستفاده قرارگرفته‌اند. قرن‌ها تعامل تفسير قرآني و ايراني از جهان ايجاب مي‌كند كه عناصر و المان‌هاي فرهنگي آن‌ها و تأثير و تأثراتشان نسبت به يكديگر موردبررسي قرار گيرد. سؤال اين است كه كاركردها و دلالت‌هاي معنايي رنگ‌ها در قرآن كريم و ادبيات كنايي فارسي، چه تفاوت‌ها و شباهت‌هايي باهم دارند؟ همچنين آيا قرآن كريم تأثيراتي در گسترش معناي كنايي رنگ در ادبيات فارسي برجا نهاده است؟ در پاسخ به اين سؤالات، اين پژوهش با روش توصيفي- تحليلي و تطبيقي، كه از طريق جمع‌آوري كنايات موجود در سه دائره‌المعارف «دهخدا»، «عميد» و «فرهنگ كنايات فارسي» همچنين جمع‌آوري تمامي آياتي كه در آن‌ها، رنگ‌ها به‌كاررفته‌اند و نيز منابع كتابخانه‌اي و اينترنتي، به نتايجي دست‌يافت. قرآن كريم و كنايات فارسي، در توصيف وضعيت معنوي و جسماني انسان، پديده‌هاي طبيعي، توصيف رنگ پديده‌هاي ايده آل بهشتي و رنگ مربوط به معجزه خاص، در كاركرد و دلالت‌هاي معنايي رنگ، اشتراكاتي دارند. تفاوت‌ اين است كه رنگ‌ها در قرآن، براي توصيف فراواقع گرايانه پديده‌هاي طبيعي در قيامت نيز به‌كاررفته و كنايات نيز علاوه بر كاركردهاي مشترك، از رنگ‌ها، براي بيان آشكارگي و ظاهر بودن و همچنين براي توصيف يك مكان و يا شيء نيز بهره گرفته‌اند. نيز مي‌توان تأثيرات قرآن كريم بر ادبيات كنايي فارسي را در دلالت‌هاي معنايي رنگ‌ها، در رنگ سفيد (معجزه موسي) و رنگ سبز (لباس بهشتيان) و رنگ كبود براي چشم (سيه‌روزي و اندوه) مشاهده نمود. همچنين منظر معنايي رنگ‌ها در قرآن بيش از دلالت‌هاي كنايي و اكسپرسيو، بر واقع‌گرايي استوار است.

Although colors are, in their physical aspect, only a reflection of a particular wavelength, they have become, in human culture, a vehicle for expressing emotions, descriptions, imaginations, codes and symbols and other human subjects. The significance of this is that the colors have been used in various forms and concepts, both in the language of the creature and in the scripture in the language of the Creator. The question is, what are the differences and similarities between the semantic functions of colors in the Holy Quran and the Persian Allusion literature? Also, does the Holy Quran have any influence on the expansion of the meaning of color in the Allusion literature? In response to these questions, this research uses a descriptive-analytical and comparative method, by collecting all the verses in the three encyclopedias of "Dehkhoda", "Amid" and "Culture of Persian Fables" as well as collecting all the verses in which the colors have been used and Also, library resources have achieved results. Colors in the Holy Qur'an for "describing human spiritual state", "describing human physical condition", "describing natural phenomena (plant, animal, nature)", "describing specific miracle colors", "describing ideal phenomena in paradise", "describing Extra-realistic is applied to the natural phenomenon of the resurrection. Colors in Persian quotes, in the four functions of color in the Holy Quran mentioned above, namely "description of natural phenomena (plant, animal, nature)", "description of human physical condition", "description of miracle color" and "description of ideal phenomena in paradise" ", They have in common. Both in the Holy Quran and in Persian quotes, there are cases in which colors are used to describe one's spiritual state. These descriptions of the spiritual state of man using color, in the Holy Quran, are purely related to the Resurrection. But in the Persian allusion s, this function of colors refers to the description of the spiritual state of man, both in the resurrection and in the world. Colors are sometimes used in Persian allusion s to express appearance and also to describe a place or an object that has no such application in the Holy Quran about color. Instead, color in the Holy Qur'an is also used to describe in a more realistic way the natural phenomenon of the resurrection, which does not exist in the Persian allusion s. Colors in the Holy Quran have mainly realistic functions and their allusion s function is very low. The growth of Islam in Iran has had a profound impact on Persian language and literature, both in terms of content and structure. Influences such as the inclusion of words and idioms and Quranic verses increased the alphabet and translation approaches, and the writing of Quranic dictionaries increased the vocabulary and meanings of the Persian language. In such a way that the function of white refers directly to the story of the Holy Quran, the miracle of the hands of Prophet Moses. Green, like the Holy Qur'an, has been used to dress heavenly people. Also, as we have shown, some Persian allusion s have given color to the function mentioned in the Holy Quran. Like black, in terms like: black letter (black letter), black bowl (sin). o‎r the blue color in the Holy Quran is used only for the eyes of sinful people who are sad at the resurrection. This color, in addition to being used in allusion s, also as the color of the sky, has the same metaphorical function, which for the human eye is "blindness and bruising" in the sense of darkness, misery and sorrow. But the difference is that it does not refer to a specific time like the resurrection.