شيوه جديد توليد دانش : ايديولوژي و واقعيت

The New Mode of Knowledge Production: Ideology and Reality

Michael Gibbons distinguishes between the academic and the new mode of knowledge production. The academic mode can be explained with reference to Robert Mertonʹs ideas. Mertonʹs model considers science as an activity independent of other social institutions, and holds that the normative structure of science results from the independent activities of scientists. Gibbons and his colleagues speak of a major shift in mode of seeking and producing knowledge. The most significant feature of this new mode of knowledge production is that it leaves knowledge open to infimences from other social institutions. Discussing the theoretical models presented by Gibbons and Merton, the present article examines the relationship between these two and the cultural and strategic norms of larger society. The main hypothesis here is that the above-mentioned theoretical models reflect ,to some extent, the reality, and, to some extent, the normative and ideological bias of the scientific community both before and after the cold war, and that the recent theoretical shift in sociology of science and the development of the "new mode of knowledge production" as an explanatory model, is parallel and symmetric to the normative shift of scientific community. The final part of the article explores our relationship with academic knowledge and the new mode of knowledge production, and deals with the questions of how to explain conditions of knowledge in Iran with reference to these two models, and what doctrines can he concluded from these models in order to improve the conditions.