پرندگان زمان ميوسن در رسوبات سازند سرخ بالايي ، برش غرب روستاي مشمپا، شمال باختري زنجان )take off( اثر فسيل حركت و برخاستن

Miocene Birds Track and Tack Off Imprints in the Upper Red Formation, Western Mushampa, Northwest Zanjan, Iran

Numerous birdʹs footprints have been found in the Upper Red Formation in western Mushampa village (100 km western Zanjan). Two specimens related to tetradactyl Antarctichnus. contain special track and tack off imprints. Birds walked with draging middle digit (digit III) on the sediments, which left as long furrow between footprints. Drag marks are in the tack off imprints, and some of them, however end to a circular hollow. These footprints are interpreted as running-leaping tack off model, on the other hand, birds have run at first, and have used foot pressure for leap in the point of tack off.