بررسي تاثير فعاليت حركتي و سازمان دهي در حافظه كودكان بهنجار و عقب مانده ذهني

Investegating Effects of Motor Activity and Organization on Memory of Normal Children and Mentally Retarded Children

This research was conducted to determine the effects of motor activities and organization on the memory of normal and mentally-retarded children. The sample group was selected from five different areas of Tehran: north; south; east; west; and center. The total number of samples were 320 consisting of the following sub-groups: 1. Normal children (from 4-6 to 5-6, years old): 120 girls and boys 2. Normal children (from 6-8 to 6-9 years old): 120 girls and boys 3. Mentally retarded children who were cognitively equal to the normal children of 6-8 to 6-9 years, and their ages ranging between 9 to 16 years: 80 girls and boys. The experimental conditions were motor activities at three levels of drawing, looking and pazzeling, and organization at two levels of unity and non-unity. The data obtained were analyzed through multi-analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results obtained confirmed the following hypothesis: 1. Retention increases with development; 2. Retention by the mentally-retarded children was significantly lower than that of the normal children who were cognitively equal to them. However, the comparison with the children who were cognitively lower than them did not show any meaningful difference. 3. In all the three groups, the organization of unity level led to an increase in retention compared with the organization of non-unity level. 4. Childrenʹs retention was better when they drew the stimuli, compared with other conditions. However, the difference was not statistically significant at 90% level. 5. In terms of retention, there was no meaningful difference between the boy and girl subjects.