ظرافتهاي بديعي در شعر حافظ

Figures of Speech in Hafizʹs Poetry

Hafiz owes a lot to his predecessors; yet a distinguishing feature of his poetry is the ambiguous language he has employed. Thus, the most essential thing would be to analyze his language skills which are manifested in syntactic, semantic and rhyme maneuverings as well as in his choice of words and their relevant phonetic significance. This articles intends to show the poetʹs literary talent in applying such figures of speech as puns, Dʹinsinuation de la Convenane, congeries, paradox, quibble, and oxymoron, to name but a few. Prior to presenting such proofs, however, the paper examines seven books either by Hafizʹs predecessors or by some contemporaries to show how varied views are on such definitions and to make it clear that there are no unanimously specific set of rules governing the whole definitions, their variety and their divisions in different periods of Persian poetry