تحليل قضاياي خارجيه با محمول وجود

An Analysis of Objective Propositions with "Existence" as Their Predicate

What differentiates between objective and factual propositions is the fact that the first one takes only the existents into account, while the second one includes the suppositional existents too. The dispute over the reality of existence notwithstanding, this article supposes the predicate of existence as non-identified, and by adding it to the logic of predicates, introduces three systems of logic: free logic (which is known for a long time), and two other systems (which are called by the author as "the logic of predicates and existence" and "the logic of public existence"). The author tries to show that free logic is not a suitable medium for analyzing old logic and for differentiating factual propositions from objective ones. He considers the two alternative logics capable of doing so. He also shows that the logic of predicates and existence is the proper logic for factual propositions, while the logic of public existence is appropriate for objective propositions.