بازنگري در تعيين محدوده علم حضوري و علم حصولي

A Revision of the Limits of Presential Knowledge and Acquired Knowledge

Some philosophers maintain that acquired knowledge and presential knowledge can be distinguished from each other by the presence or absence of perceptive faculties as mediators. Some others hold that they are different from each other in terms of the mediation or non-mediation of mental form. The writer of this paper has made it his aim to deal with both of these theories. Accordingly, he has tried to present a new theory concerning the distinction between these two types of knowledge indicating that presential knowledge is all-inclusive, while acquired knowledge is limited to one of the states of imaginal knowledge. The peripheral distinctions between them consist of the following: presential knowledge is free from correspondence, while acquired knowledge is not; presential knowledge is free from errors, while acquired knowledge is prone to them; there is access to the existence of objects in presential knowledge, while it is impossible in acquired knowledge; acquired knowledge is open to mental judgments, while presential knowledge cannot; presential knowledge cannot be divided into concept and judgment, while acquired knowledge can.