نسبت مريولوژيكي در هستي شناسي صوري هوسرل جستاري در بنياد پديدار شناختي هرگونه پژوهش كيفي آينده

Mereological Relation in Husserlʹs Formal Ontology: A Study of Phenomenological Foundation of Future Qualitative Research

This article tries to show that how Husserlʹs formal ontology can analyze the qualitative relation between the whole and the parts. This analysis is based on the distinction made by Husserl between piece and moment. Husserlʹs formal ontology separates from the tradition of analytical philosophy by recognizing moment as a single, concrete and dependent part which maintains qualitative relation with other parts and the whole. Since analytical philosophy refers subjective actions toward objects to those related to the current state of affairs, it remains in the framework of the formal structure of meaning and truths and reduces the quality of moments to the attributes which could be studied in the framework of set theory. On the contrary, Husserlʹs formal ontology studies the formal structures of objects and does not refer the quality of objects to the current state of affairs. From this point of view, formal ontology is similar to mereology developed by Lesniewski which studies ontological relations between whole and parts. The author concludes that formal ontology in the framework of manifolds theory and mereology forms a basis for any qualitative research in human or empirical sciences. Therefore, it could go well beyond the phenomenological qualitative method which only includes human sciences by relying upon the concept of life world.