تكامل آموزش عالي تحولات تاريخي و مشكلات پيش روي كشورهاي در حال توسعه

Evolution of Higher Education: Historical Changes and Problems Facing by Developing Countries

Historian consider the universities as the outstanding intellectual achievement of Middle Ages which their nature and organizational governance rooted in ancient Alexandria and Islamic civilization and culture. These complex institutions evolve through complicated processes by which men and cultures, mingled together. Contemporary universities serve as one of the vital institutions by which cultures and knowledge have been transmitted by them. This article reflects higher education historical changes in the past eight centuries. Importance of human resource development, autonomy and accountability are among major achievements of past experiences. In conclusion some of issues and problems faced by developing countries are discussed.