فضيلت صبر در ادبيات تعليمي

Patience as a Great humane quality in didactic literature

در ادبيات تعليمي، فضايل اخلاقي به شيوه‌هايي هنرمندانه آموزش داده مي‌شود.«صبر و شكيبايي»‌يكي از نمونه‌هاي صفاتِ نيك انساني است‌ كه در ادب منظوم و منثور فارسي مطرح و در قالبهايي زيبا و با مضمون‌پردازيهايي ظريف بيان گرديده است. بردباري، براي رسيدن به هدف، نوعي انتظار و مقاومت براي گشايش است كه در آموزه‌هاي ديني سابقه داشته و در نزد بزرگان ادب ‌فارسي با سه گرايشِ اخلاق ديني و انساني در آثار شاعراني چون فردوسي و سعدي و با گرايش اخلاق فيلسوفانه در آثار خواجه نصيرالدين طوسي و ديگران و بالاخره با گرايش اخلاق عرفاني در نوشته‌هاي سنايي،‌عطار،‌مولوي، عزالدين‌كاشاني،حافظ و جامي آمده كه تفاوتهايي با هم دارند. در اين نوشتار نمونه‌هايي از نظم و نثر آنها در مورد صبر بررسي مي‌شود.

Moral qualities have been artistically taught in didactic literature. “Patience” is a typical humane quality and also a great human trait which has been dealt with in Persian poetic and prose literature in excellent forms and deep themes. Being patient to achieve a goal is a type of persistence and waiting for achieving that goal. It is a concept which has been posed in our religious teachings and has been paid attention in three levels: moral, religious and humanity by Persian literary eminent figures such as Ferdosi and Saadi and also philosophically by Khaje Nasireddin Tousi and others. It has also been mirrored in moral and mystical written works of literary figures such as Sanaei, Attar, Molavi, Ezoddin Kashani, Hafez and Jami with very meager differences. Here we aim at dealing with some of typical poetic and prose works which focused on this theme (patience) and clarify the point by studying examples of patience in mystical, didactic literary texts.