تحليل عوامل موثر بر مهارت كشاورزان در مديريت خاك زراعي

Surveying of Factors which Influence to Wheat Grover’s Skills, Regarding Farmers’ Soil Management

هدف اين تحقيق بررسي عوامل موثر بر مهارت كشاورزان گندم‌كار در زمينه مديريت خاك زراعي است. اين تحقيق كه از نوع توصيفي-تحليلي است. با استفاده از روش پيمايش انجام گرفته است. كشاورزان گندم‌كار استان اردبيل جامعه آماري اين تحقيق را تشكيل مي‌دهند. در واقع با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گيري خوشه‌اي چندمرحله‌اي، 410 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماري تعيين گرديدند. روايي صوري و محتوايي پرسش‌نامه با آگاهي از ديدگاه‌هاي صاحب‌نظران در دانشگاه و كارشناسان اجرايي ذي‌ربط به‌دست آمد. آزمون مقدماتي نيز براي به‌دست آوردن پايايي ابزار پژوهش انجام گرفت و ضرايب آلفاي كرونباخ (?) براي بخش‌هاي مختلف پرسش‌نامه بين 72/0 الي 86/0 محاسبه شدند. بر اساس نتايج حاصل از يافته‌هاي توصيفي تحقيق، مشخص شد كه مهارت 31/37 درصد (153نفر) از كشاورزان گندم‌كار مورد مطالعه در مديريت خاك زراعي در سطح «بسيار ضعيف» و «ضعيف»، حدود 40 درصد (164 نفر) در سطح «متوسط» و حدود 67/22 درصد (93 نفر) در سطوح« خوب» و «بسيار خوب» است. نتايج حاصل از آزمون همبستگي پيرسون نشان داد كه بين متغيرهاي سن، تحصيلات، سابقه فعاليت كشاورزي، تجربه كشت گندم، سطح اراضي ديم، وسعت اراضي كشاورزي، سطح زير كشت گندم، تعداد قطعات اراضي زراعي، درآمد ناخالص، عمل به رهنمودهاي ترويجي مروجان، كانال‌ها و منابع اطلاعاتي، دانش و نگرش با مهارت كشاورزان گندم‌كار در مديريت خاك زراعي رابطه معني‌داري وجود دارد. هم‌چنين، در آزمون رگرسيون چندگانه خطي متغيرهاي رهنمودهاي ترويجي، دانش فني، وضعيت نگرش و ميزان تحصيلات توانايي تبيين 88/0 درصد از تغييرات متغير وابسته را دارند. در نهايت با توجه به تحليل نتايج، پيشنهادهاي كاربردي ارايه شده است.

Introduction Growth of world population promotes demands for food stuff. At this relation, soil erosion and decreasing of soil fertility, over pasture, deforest ration and degradation of physical characteristics of farming soils face food security on the world sphere. Soil plays an important role in sustainable developments. Also, proper usage and soil defense can help to suitability, sustainability, welfare, power and security of the soil. Sufficient skills and cognitive capacities on the ground of soil preservation are necessary for farmers to attain essential information from diverse resources. Escobar is believed that inaccurate usage of soil can deteriorate these vulnerable resources. Wheat is among essential and strategic productions that plays an important role in nourishing. Ardabil province is an important region for wheat cultivation. However, the cultivation of this production faces serious problems in the Ardabil province. For instance, intensive cultivation of this crop at the province and the weakness of wheat Grover’s farming soil management are resulted to reduction of performance and quality of production. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the factors that can affect on mental-kinetic spheres of farmers in this regard, as well as accurate farming soil management such as testing, farming rotation, as well as accurate etc. It is necessary to regard the effective policies for raising performance and quality of wheat crop and farming soil sustainable management by agriculture agencies. In summary, many differences of quantities and qualities between wheat Grover’s relates to the usage of some farming soil management methods by a few farmers neglecting these methods by the others. Therefore, rising performance of wheat Grover’s farmers productive crops is a function of optimal management in the mentioned province. Promotion of human efficiency affects sustainable management of farming soil and improvement of quantities and qualitative of agriculture productions. The purpose of the present study is investigating the factor influencing factors groves’ skill regarding soil management and explaining the most extensional, individual, economical, social-cultural effective at the Grover’s farmer’s skill in the Ardabil province. Methodology The research method is descriptive-correlational. The target population in the study is wheat Grover’s of Ardabil Province. Using stratified random sampling technique, 194 participants have been selected as the statistic sample. Using multi- stage cluster sampling technique, 410 farmers have been selected as a statistical sample. The content and face validity of the instrument has been verified by several reviewing and correction. These have been managed by the faculty of members at university and several expertises of administrative offices. The reliability analysis has been conducted; and Cronbach’s alpha values have been estimated for the various sections of instrument, between 0.72 and 0.86.The results of descriptive findings showed that in general, 31.37 percent of farmers (152 persons) among the wheat grower’s overall behavior were at very poor and poor levels, 40 percent of them (164 persons) were at the average level and 22.67(93Farmers) at very good and good levels, regarding soil management. Discussion It is necessary to act for capacity- building of farmers for attaining development and improvement of educational plans of soil management. Grover’s farmer can –and should- improve their skills; and for adapting the extension activities regarding the objectives of sustainable development they should enhance their skills in connection with soil management. In addition, farmers must participate in the plans relating to agriculture development such as decision making, performing, monitoring, etc. Conclusion The results of Conclusion the Pearson test showed that there was statistically a significant positive relationship between variables of Farmers’ age, years of agricultural experience, educational level, experience in wheat cultivation, years of agricultural experience, pure income, action to extension guidance’s, communication channels, knowledge and attitude regarding farm soil management. In addition, the result of stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated that 0.088 percent of the variability in farmers skill with respect to arable soil management could be explained by variables of action to extension guidance, knowledge, attitude and educational level. Finally, based upon the results analysis, many recommendations have been provided. Keywords: Skill, Sustainable Agriculture, Soil Management, Wheat, Ardabil Province.