تبيين مفهومي اولين گام در طراحي شاخص ملي سنجش رشوه

First step in designing a national index measuring corruption; a conceptual demonstration

طراحي شاخص سنجش رشوه مانند هريك از انواع فساد اداري و اقتصادي مستلزم تبيين مفهوم آن بر اساس الزامات روش‌شناسانه است؛ لذا اين مقاله سعي دارد كه الف) واژگان اصلي رشوه را در قرآن كريم و روايات شناسايي كند و از نظر لغت و اصطلاح مورد بررسي قرار دهد؛ ب) آيات قرآن كريم و روايات را به‌منظور دست‌يابي به گزارههاي مرتبط با رشوه گردآوري و آنها را بررسي كند؛ ج) اقوال و آراي فقها را در مورد موضوع ياد شده بررسي و طبقه‌بندي كند؛ د) يافتهها را با استفاده از نظر مفسران قرآن، شارحان سخنان معصومان(ع)، سيره عقلا و حكم عقل و تمسك به روش اجتهادي تجزيه و تحليل كند. بر اين اساس يافته‌هاي تحقيق عبارتند از: الف) رشوه كاربردي فراتر از مال دارد؛ ب) رشوه بر موارد غير مالي نظير قول، فعل و عمل نيز اطلاق ميشود؛ ج) رشوه در قالبها و اَشكال مختلفي اتفاق مي‌افتد؛ د) رشوه و حرمت آن اختصاص به باب قضاوت ندارد و شامل كارگزاران و... مي‌شود. هه) نيت راشي و مرتشي در حكم رشوه تاثير دارد.

The first step in designing any type of corruption and economic index is demonstrating the concept of that type based on required methodological commitments. Therefore, the most important task in designing the index measuring bribery can be precise definition of the concept of bribery and determining its aspects and dimensions. For this purpose, first, the vocabulary being used in Arabic language and Islamic sources including Quran and narratives about this case were studied terminologically. Second, Quranʹs verses and narratives from Shiaʹs Imams reviewed for drawing those statements relating to bribery. Third, Shiite jurisprudentsʹ commands and comments were compiled and classified. Fourth, referring to the views of Quranʹs interpreters and Imamsʹ commentators beside the identification of intellectualsʹ conduct and the reasonʹs judgment and also applying to a jurisprudential method, a comprehensive collection of present statements were organized. The results of this research show that: 1) bribery has applicability beyond the property, 2) based on evidence bribery, in non-financial cases, refers to word, action and practice, 3) bribery can occur in various forms, 4) bribery and its prohibition does not merely assigned to judgment and includes executives and so on, 5) the intent of who offers the bribes and whom accepts the bribes influence the bribery legal sentence.