بررسي و توصيف معناي واژه‌ي «حتي» در زبان فارسي از ديدگاه معني‌شناسي شناختي

To survey and describe the meaning of the word “hattā” in Farsi from the viewpoint of cognitive semantics

هدف از نگاشتن اين مقاله بررسي معناي واژه‌ي «حتي» در فارسي با استفاده از ابزار شناختي موجود در زبان‌شناسي شناختي مي‌باشد. براي اين منظور ابتدا فرهنگ‌هاي لغات فارسي مورد بررسي قرار گرفتند تا ضعف آنها در اين رابطه (ارايه‌ي معنا براي «حتي») براي خواننده مشخص گردد و پس از آن «حتي» در بوته‌ي ساختارگرايي و زايا آزموده شد و عدم پاسخگويي اين دو به تحليل شناختي از معناي «حتي» منجر شد و با مطالعه‌ي بيش از يكصد بافت رايج حاوي «حتي» دو معناي متضاد «هم يا علاوه بر» و «فقط» با مفاهيم «تجميع» و «تفكيك» از آن استخراج شد. فرضيه‌ي معنايي در معرض 70 آزمودني تحصيل‌كرده‌ي بالاي 18 سال قرار گرفت كه نتيجه‌‌ي مذكور مورد تاييد قرار گرفت.

The aim of writing this article is to probe the meaning of the word “hatt?” in Farsi by the use of existing cognitive facilities presented in cognitive linguistics. To do this, first, current Farsi dictionaries were studied in order for the semantic deficits to be crystal clear in providing the meaning for the word “hatt?”. Then it was examined in the structuralist and generative semantics and the weakness of both in providing the meaning for the word “hatt?” lead to using a cognitive analysis on the word “hatt?”. Cognitively studying more than one hundred daily contexts containing the word “hatt?” in Farsi resulted in emerging two contradictory meaning out of it; namely the adverbs “in addition to” and “only”, having the notions of “grouping” and “partitioning” respectively. Tested by seventy educated subjects who were more than eighteen, the semantic hypothesis was confirmed