بررسي مسووليت آخذ بالسوم با نگاهي تطبيقي

The study of the Responsibility of "Akheze be Som" with Comparative Study

آخذ بالسوم شخصي است كه مال ديگري را با اذن او براي بررسي و انجام معامله تحت استيلا مي‌گيرد. در فقه و حقوق ما نظرهاي متضادي درخصوص مسووليت وي در صورت نقص يا از بين رفتن مال ابراز شده است. در اين مقاله درصدد آن هستيم كه در سكوت قانونگذار با تتبع در فقه و مواد قانون و رويه گزارش شده در آمريكا و فرانسه پاسخي براي مسووليت آخذ بالسوم بيان شود و ضمن طرح نظرهاي گوناگون رايي را برگزينيم كه با توجه به نياز جامعه كنوني و مبتني بر قواعد مدني باشد.

"Akheze be som" is the obtaining of a sample goods from the seller in order to study the goods and enter negotiations thereafter for the purchase of the same. We want to know if the goods in the customerʹs hand are trust things or has he an absolute liability, namely dose he undertake to give back the goods safely or pay the price of them? There are different doctrines in this object; however, for the correct answer, we should know that when the seller gives the goods to the customer, there is an implied condition that the customer must give back the goods safely or pay the price of them, and the customer must accept this condition. This fundamental contract requires the customer to do so; hence, the circumstances are different from the time when a person gives a thing to one for trusting because the owner has a different intention.