رابطه استفاده از رسانه ‌ هاي جمعي و ميزان سرمايه اجتماعي در شهر كاشان

The Relationship between Using Media and Social Capital Rate In Kashan

رسانه‌هاي جمعي با فراهم آوردن چارچوب‌هاي مفهومي براي تفسير و پردازش اطلاعات، به نگرش‌هاي افراد در خصوص مسائل مدني، موضوع‌هاي سياسي و امور عمومي جامعه، جهت مي‌دهند و به شكل‌گيري مفاهيم و رفتارهاي خاص كمك مي‌كنند. با توجه به اهميت و نقش رسانه‌ها در زندگي اجتماعي،‌ هدف اصلي نوشتار حاضر، ‌تبيين نظري و تجربي رابطه ميان استفاده از رسانه‌هاي جمعي و به طور ويژه اينترنت، مطبوعات و تلويزيون و ميزان سرمايه اجتماعي است. در اين پژوهش تلاش شده است تا ضمن استفاده از چارچوب مفهومي كلمن، پاتنام، لرنر و ديگران، با روش پيمايش به بررسي رابطه استفاده از رسانه‌هاي جمعي و ميزان سرمايه اجتماعي در جامعه مورد بررسي پرداخته شود. جامعه آماري مورد مطالعه در اين تحقيق، افراد20تا39 ساله شهر كاشان مي‌باشد كه از طريق فرمول كوكران 383 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. يافته‌هاي توصيفي پژوهش، حاكي از اين واقعيت است كه اگرچه ميانگين استفاده از اينترنت و مطبوعات در بين افراد نمونه، پايين‌تر از حد متوسط است ولي بيش از نيمي از پاسخگويان (‌52.8 درصد) در طي يك روز، بيشتر از دو ساعت از زمان خود را صرف تماشاي تلويزيون مي‌كنند. همچنين علي‌رغم اين‌كه ميانگين سرمايه اجتماعي در بين جمعيت مورد مطالعه بالاتر از حد متوسط است ولي مشاركت اجتماعي داراي ميانگين پاييني است. نتايج به دست آمده از اين پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد كه بين تماشاي برنامه‌هاي سياسي، ورزشي، ‌خبري و فيلم‌هاي جنايي، تاريخي و فرهنگي تلويزيون و ميزان سرمايه اجتماعي رابطه معنادار وجود دارد. علاوه بر اين، ارتباطي معنادار بين ميزان استفاده از مطبوعات (مجله و روزنامه) و سرمايه اجتماعي برقرار است. به بياني ديگر هر چقدر افراد به ميزان بيشتري مطالب تاريخي، فرهنگي، اجتماعي و اخبار سياسي مطبوعات را مطالعه كنند، داراي سرمايه اجتماعي بالاتري خواهند بود. مهم‌ترين نتايج نظري اين مطالعه، تأييد مفاهيم و مفروضات نظري مأخوذ از نظريه‌هاي پورتو، لرنر، برم و ران و ... درباره‌ رابطه رسانه و سرمايه اجتماعي در جمعيت مورد مطالعه است.

IntroductionSocial capital is a concealed wealth and property that is created by mental and spiritual preparation of society for withdrawing personal interests and engaging in collection action. Social capital is a form of asset that there is in all of human societies potentially, that to flourish change of factors and fulfillment of specific conditions are neededand these are hardly prepared. Scope and domain of social capital can show out look of media effects on strengthening or weakening of social capital(Rasuliamp;Paktinat,1390:64). This research is an experimental theoretical attempt based on the mass media effects on social capital in Kashan. to recognize  this effect was examined experimental and theoretical studies related to this research and finally was indicated relationship  of the mass media particularly(Television, Internet, press) to social capital by views ofexperts such as Putnam, Kellmen, Porter, Lerner and researcher such as Effing amp; et al(2011), Yang(2006), Ferlendr(2003), Hosseinzadehamp; et al(1391). Material amp; MethodsApproach and methods of this research have been quantitative and survey respectively,and has been used questionnaire to collect information. The population of this research are 2039 years old people in Kashan that havebeen reported about 98835people in 1381 by statistical center of Iran that 50460 people are men and 48357 people are women. In this research with use of Cochran formula, sample size is 383 people that there are 195/53 men and 187/46 women. Discussion of Results amp; ConclusionsDescriptive findings of this research show that average of social capital in Kashan is higher than moderate. Comparison among aspects of social capital show this reality that social cohesion has the highest  average and social trust comes in second(59/79),and social intercommunity has the  lowest average insofar as social intercommunity among citizens has been evaluated lower than moderate. Based on research findings, although, average of using the Internet and Press are lower than moderate but, more than half respondents (52.8 percent) watch Television more than 2 hours in during one day. It should be noted that amongvarietyof TV programs, religious movies have the highest average. Bivariate analysis shows that social capital is different based on genderso that average of social capital between men is more than women. Another findings of this research tell us there is significant relationship between use of press (magazine, newspaper) and social capital, while, there is not significant relationship between use of internet and social capital. As well as, social capital is not different based on type of using the internet.With respect to results of Spearman correlation test, people that watch criminal films have more social capital while there isn’t  significant relationship between watching family and religiousfilms and measure of social capital.There is significant and positive relationship between watching historical and cultural films and social capital. As historical and cultural films cause toremember history and culture of each society, therefore, people that watch these films, will have sense of moreunity and gratification to society and national symbols like as flag, Iranian customs, cultural … and so, will have more social capital. Also, increase in watching political programscause to increase in social capital.In addition, results of this research show that there is significant relationship between TV programs that have sports theme and social capital. so, people that watch programs like as sports, they will have more social capital. In this regard,Portur believes that television has createdconceptual frameworks for explicating and information processing and has directed people’s attitudes about civil matters, political issues and public affairs of society and has helped to formation of specific concepts and behaviors. In confirmation of above views, findings of this research show that as much as people watch news programs, their social capital will be proportionally increased. Another result of this research is that there is significant and positive relationship among of study of socialissues, political news, historical and cultural subjects of press and measure of social capital. It should be noted that among subjects of press, historical and cultural subjects have the highest correlation to social capital. In this regard, Lerner believes that as much as people havecloser connection to media, capabilities of their lives will be increased the same.  In sum, it can be said the most important theoretical results of this research are confirmation of theoretical implications andinformation taken by Portu, Lerner, Berm amp;Ran,Lazar and...about relationship of  media and  social capital in the population.