تاثير روابط خارجي در عصر ناصري بر هنر نمايش در ايران

The Impact of Foreign Relations in the Reign of Nasir atDin shah on Iranian Dramatic Arts

يكي از وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻋﺼﺮ ﻧﺎﺻﺮي و در ﭘﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش رواﺑﻂ ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﺑـﺎ اروﭘـﺎ، تاثيرپذيري ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ و اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ از ﻏﺮب در زﻣﯿﻨﮥ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ - ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ در ﭘﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ رواﺑﻂ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻧﺎﺻﺮي ﺑﺎ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮي ﺑـﺮ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ در اﯾﺮان داﺷﺖ؟ ﻋﻼﻗﮥ ﻧﺎﺻﺮاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺷﺎه ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻫﻨﺮ، در ﭘﯽ ﺳﻔﺮﻫﺎي ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ اروﭘﺎ و ﻧﯿﺰ رواج ﻓﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﮏ و ﺳﯿﺎق ﻏﺮﺑﯽ در آﺛﺎر ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﻤﭽـﻮن آﺧﻮﻧـﺪزاده و ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰي و ﭘﺲ از آن ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮥ آﺛـﺎر ﻣـﻮ ﻟﯿﺮ و ﺳـﺮاﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺄسيس ﺗﻤﺎﺷـﺎﺧﺎﻧﮥ داراﻟﻔﻨـﻮن، زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻻزم را ﺑﺮاي اﺟﺮاي ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﮏ ﺗﺌﺎﺗﺮﻫﺎي ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورد؛ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﺮ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶﻫﺎ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﻧﺒﻮد و ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻄﯿﻠﯽ اﻧﺠﺎﻣﯿﺪ. اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ دوره را ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﻧﻘﻄﮥ آﻏﺎز ﭘﯿﺮوي از ﺳﺒﮏﻫﺎي اروﭘﺎﯾﯽ در ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ در ادوار ﺑﻌﺪي ﺑﺎ ﮐﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﻫﻨﺮ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ، در ﺟﺎﻣﮥ ﻧﻮﯾﻨﯽ ﺳﺮ ﺑﺮآورد.

As a result of the expansion of foreign relations with Europe in Naseri era, Iranian dramatic arts were influenced both in content and perfonnance. The current research has employed descriptive-analytical methodology to find answers to the questions as to what imprint did cultural relations with Europe in Naseri era leave on Iranian dramatic arts? Nasir al-Din Shah's three trips to Europe kindled in his heart a passion for dramatic arts, and at about the same time, playwrights like Akhundzadeh and Tabrizi were inspired by the European style, and translations of Moulier were rendered, and ultimately, the establishment of Dar al-Fonun Theatre set the stage for European style plays to be performed. These performances were short-lived and soon came to an end mainly because of their liberal and egalitarian content. However, this era was a turning point in folloving European suit in theatre, which in laters periods were pursued with more rigor and finally mingled with national and local cultures within the context of a modern society