بررسي فراواني ديابت بارداري و عوارض مادري و جنيني مرتبط با آن بر اساس روش تك مرحله اي(IADPSG)

Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Fetomaternal Outcomes Using One Step Screening Method

سابقه و هدف: روش بررسي تك مرحله اي 75 گرم گلوكز، به عنوان جايگزين روش كلاسيك دو مرحله اي تشخيص ديابت بارداري معرفي شده است. اين مطالعه جهت بررسي ميزان شيوع ديابت بارداري بر اساس معيار جديد و ارزيابي پيامدهاي مادري و جنيني آن طراحي گرديد. مواد و روش ها: در اين مطالعه توصيفي تحليلي، 271 خانم باردار مراجعه كننده به بيمارستان جواهري تهران در نيم سال دوم 1394 ، تست 75 گرمي گلوكز را در طي بارداري انجام دادند. ميزان فراواني متغيرها با ضريب اطمينان 95 درصد (CI95%) محاسبه شد. آناليز داده ها توسط نرم افزار آماري SPSS 21 (جهت مقايسه متغيرهاي كمي T student t-test و متغيرهاي كيفي تست كاي دو) انجام گرفت. يافته ها: ميانگين سني افراد مورد بررسي، 4/6±30/5 سال بود. ميزان شيوع ديابت بارداري براساس معيار جديد 24 درصد برآورد شد. تنها 15/4 درصد از افراد ديابتي شناسايي شده با اين روش، نيازمند درمان دارويي بودند. سن، نمايه توده بدني، سابقه مثبت خانوادگي ديابت و سابقه ديابت بارداري با بروز ديابت بارداري رابطه معني دار آماري داشتند (0/05-

Background and purpose: One step 75gr glucose tolerance test is introduced as a replacement for classic two step GTT for diagnosis of gestational diabetes (GDM). This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of gestational diabetes based on new criteria and its related fetomaternal adverse effects. Materials and methods: An analytic-descriptive study was performed in 271 pregnant women attending Tehran Javaheri Hospital in 2015. They underwent a 75-g glucose tolerance test. The frequency of GDM was calculated with CI95% and data was analyzed in SPSS 21 applying student t test for quantitative variables and Chi square for qualitative variables. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.5±4.6 years. The frequency of GDM was 24% of whom 15.4% required medication. Significant correlation was found between age, BMI, positive family history of diabetes mellitus and history of GDM in previous pregnancies and GDM (P<0.05). In this study the frequency of gestational hypertension was significantly higher in mothers with GDM compared with the normal group (P=0.003). There was no any significant difference between the two groups in other fetomaternal complications. Conclusion: GDM was found to be highly prevalent but only few cases required medication. Also, no significant difference was seen in fetal complications between the two groups, therefore, larger studies are suggested to consider the benefits and cost effectiveness of new criteria.