Heterogeneity of activated carbons with different surface chemistry in adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions

The heterogeneity of activated carbons is investigated on the basis of adsorption isotherms of phenol from dilute aqueous solutions at different values of pH in the solution. The original carbon studied was prepared from polyethyleneterephtalate (PET). Its various oxygen surface functionalities were systematically changed by additional nitric acid and heat treatments. The Dubinin–Astakhov adsorption-isotherm equation was used to evaluate the parameters characterizing the adsorption of phenol from dilute water solutions on activated carbon surfaces. Adsorption energy distribution functions were calculated by the INTEG algorithm, based on a regularization method. Analysis of distribution functions for activated carbons provides significant comparative information about their energetic heterogeneity. Moreover, a comparison of the resulting energies obtained from the distributions can be made with enthalpic data