Characterization and mechanism analysis of N doped TiO2 with visible light response and its enhanced visible activity

Nitrogen doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized through a hydrolysis–precipitation process using ammonia water as the doping species. The resulting materials were characterized by XRD, DRS, SPS, XPS and FT-IR. Further, the activity enhanced-mechanism was discussed in detail. XRD results showed that doping with nitrogen could effectively retard the phase transformation of TiO2 from anatase to rutile and increase the anatase crystallinity. DRS and SPS results indicated that the light absorbance edge of nitrogen doped TiO2 nanoparticle was obviously red-shifted to visible light region and the separation rates of photogenerated charge carriers were greatly improved, respectively. XPS and FT-IR analysis implied that the contents of surface hydroxyl groups were improved significantly and the VBM (valance bond maximum) of O2p was 2.3 eV. Under the visible light irradiation with 120 min, a 65.3% degradation rate of phenol could be achieved. The photocatalytic activity of nitrogen doped TiO2 was 2.08 and 1.97 times than that of pure TiO2 and P25 TiO2, respectively. The enhanced visible light activity was attributed to the well anatase crystallinity, small crystallite size, intense light absorbance edge in visible region, more content of surface hydroxyl groups and high separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers.