Photoelectrochemical performance of dye-sensitized solar cells based on the TiO2 nanotube array/nanoparticle-multilayer composite electrode

Multilayer electrodes have been fabricated via a layer-by-layer process for application in the dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The electrodes consist of the alternative layers of TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) film and nanotube (NT) array, of which the morphology and structure were well examined. Moreover, current density–voltage (J–V) curves and electrochemical impedance spectra were characterized after DSSC assembly for investigating the effect of layer numbers on electron transport performance. A conversion efficiency of 7.76% is demonstrated in the 3-layer DSSCs. Further, the dependence of the cell efficiency on the light harvesting and charge transport/recombination was discussed.