Influence of porous morphology on optical dispersion properties of template free mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) films

This paper focuses the influence of porous morphology on the microstructure and optical properties of TiO2 films prepared by different sol concentration and calcination temperatures. Mesoporous TiO2 thin films were prepared on the glass substrates by sol–gel dip coating technique using titanium (IV) isopropoxide. Porous morphology of the films can be regulated by chemical kinetics and is studied by scanning electron microscopy. The optical dispersion parameters such as refractive index (n), oscillator energy (Ed), and particle co-ordination number (Nc) of the mesoporous TiO2 films were studied using Swanepoel and Wemple–DiDomenico single oscillator models. The higher precursor concentration (0.06 M), films exhibit high porosity and refractive index, which are modified under calcination treatment. Calcinated films of low metal precursor concentration (0.03 M) possess higher particle co-ordination number (Nc = 5.05) than that of 0.06 M films (Nc = 4.90) due to calcination at 400 °C. The lattice dielectric constant (E∞) of mesoporous TiO2 films was determined by using Spintzer model. Urbach energy of the mesoporous films has been estimated for both concentration and the analysis revealed the strong dependence of Urbach energy on porous morphology. The influence of porous morphology on the optical dispersion properties also has been explained briefly in this paper.