Synthesis and characteristics of continuous mesoporous carbon films by a rapid solvent evaporation method

Carbon films with a well-developed meso-porosity were synthesized directly by the carbonization of sulfuric-acid-treated P123 triblock copolymer/silica nanocomposite films, which were prepared from dip-coating technique through an association of sol–gel and evaporation-induced self-assembly process, and the residual silica was removed subsequently via HF-etching. P123 was employed as both structuring agent for self-assembly of tetraethyl orthosilicate and carbon precursor. The sulfuric acid solution was used as a catalyst for cross-linking of P123/silica in order to improve the carbon yield for the continuity of carbon films. Investigations by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption measurement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that the hybrid carbon/silica mesoporous films are preserved perfectly after the carbonization. When the silica is removed by acid treatment, continuous carbon films with an ordered symmetric structure are still kept well. The carbon films obtained are composed of carbon nanotubes with the diameter of around 6 nm, and the lengths of nanotubes affiliating with each other vary from about 100 nm to several micrometers, which were measured by FESEM and TEM.