AlTiN films with different nitrogen partial pressures were deposited using arc ion plating (AIP) technique. In this study, we systematically investigated the effect of the nitrogen partial pressure on composition, deposition efficiency, microstructure, ma

Porous anodic alumina thin films with iridescent colors were fabricated electrochemically in phosphoric acid electrolyte. Compared to the color saturation of alumina films fabricated in oxalic acid electrolyte, the saturation obtained using phosphoric acid was enhanced dramatically. The mechanisms behind this observation are discussed, and the microstructure and optical characteristics of the films are characterized. Multicolor patterns were obtained by an organics-assisted process for which details are given.